Invasive plants regulated in California (162 species, cited)

Invasive plants regulated in California

California lists 162 plants as noxious weeds under Cal. Code Regs. tit. 3, 4500. The table below reproduces that list in full, showing each plant's status in the state's own words. California's list is an agricultural noxious-weed law, which governs control and spread on farmland and rights of way rather than what a nursery may sell.

Compiled from the rule itself, retrieved July 20, 2026. Law changes; if you spot a listing we have wrong or stale, tell us at [email protected].

24 of these plants are native to part of the United States, marked US native below. Nativity is regional. Black locust is native to the Appalachians and regulated in New England; Palmer amaranth is native to the Southwest and listed as an agricultural weed in the Corn Belt. A listing tells you what California regulates, not where a plant belongs. The county checker answers the second question.

Regulated and invasive are two different findings, and this page shows them separately. 90 of the 162 plants below carry both: California names them in statute and GRIIS lists them as invasive in the United States. The other 72 are regulated by California without appearing on that register. The reverse is far more common still: most plants GRIIS calls invasive are named in no state’s statute at all and are sold freely, so an absent chip is never a clean bill of health.

Plant	Scientific name	Status	California’s determination
Alkali Swainsonpea	Sphaerophysa salsula	Listed	California lists Alkali Swainsonpea as a noxious weed species.
Alligatorweed	Alternanthera philoxeroides	Listed Invasive	California lists Alligatorweed as a noxious weed species.
American Spongeplant US native	Limnobium spongia	Listed	California lists American Spongeplant as a noxious weed species.
Argentine Screwbean	Prosopis strombulifera	Listed	California lists Argentine Screwbean as a noxious weed species.
Artichoke	Cynara cardunculus	Listed Invasive	California lists Artichoke as a noxious weed species.
Asian Marshweed	Limnophila sessiliflora	Listed Invasive	California lists Asian Marshweed as a noxious weed species.
Asiatic Witchweed	Striga asiatica	Listed Invasive	California lists Asiatic Witchweed as a noxious weed species.
Austrian Yellowcress	Rorippa austriaca	Listed Invasive	California lists Austrian Yellowcress as a noxious weed species.
Barbed Goatgrass	Aegilops triuncialis	Listed Invasive	California lists Barbed Goatgrass as a noxious weed species.
Barbwire Russian Thistle	Salsola paulsenii	Listed	California lists Barbwire Russian Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Biddy-Biddy	Acaena novae-zelandiae	Listed	California lists Biddy-Biddy as a noxious weed species.
Black Henbane	Hyoscyamus niger	Listed Invasive	California lists Black Henbane as a noxious weed species.
Blue Panicum	Panicum antidotale	Listed Invasive	California lists Blue Panicum as a noxious weed species.
Bohemian Knotweed	Polygonum x bohemicum	Listed	California lists Bohemian Knotweed as a noxious weed species.
Bridal Broom	Retama monosperma	Listed	California lists Bridal Broom as a noxious weed species.
Broadleaved Pepperweed	Lepidium latifolium	Listed Invasive	California lists Broadleaved Pepperweed as a noxious weed species.
Brownbeard Rice	Oryza rufipogon	Listed	California lists Brownbeard Rice as a noxious weed species.
Bull Thistle	Cirsium vulgare	Listed Invasive	California lists Bull Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Camelthorn	Alhagi maurorum	Listed Invasive	California lists Camelthorn as a noxious weed species.
Canada Thistle	Cirsium arvense	Listed Invasive	California lists Canada Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Canary Island St. Johnswort	Hypericum canariense	Listed Invasive	California lists Canary Island St. Johnswort as a noxious weed species.
Cantaloupe	Cucumis melo	Listed Invasive	California lists Cantaloupe as a noxious weed species.
Capetown Grass	Tribolium obliterum	Listed	California lists Capetown Grass as a noxious weed species.
Carolina Fanwort US native	Cabomba caroliniana	Listed	California lists Carolina Fanwort as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Star Sedge, Geyer's Sedge, Inland Sedge
Carolina Horsenettle US native	Solanum carolinense	Listed	California lists Carolina Horsenettle as a noxious weed species.
Chinese Sprangletop	Leptochloa chinensis	Listed	California lists Chinese Sprangletop as a noxious weed species.
Coastal Sandbur US native	Cenchrus spinifex	Listed	California lists Coastal Sandbur as a noxious weed species.
Common Cordgrass	Spartina anglica	Listed	California lists Common Cordgrass as a noxious weed species.
Common Crupina	Crupina vulgaris	Listed Invasive	California lists Common Crupina as a noxious weed species.
Common Frogbit	Hydrocharis morsus-ranae	Listed Invasive	California lists Common Frogbit as a noxious weed species.
Common Goldenthistle	Scolymus hispanicus	Listed	California lists Common Goldenthistle as a noxious weed species.
Common Gorse	Ulex europaeus	Listed Invasive	California lists Common Gorse as a noxious weed species.
Common Salttree	Halimodendron halodendron	Listed	California lists Common Salttree as a noxious weed species.
Common St. Johnswort	Hypericum perforatum	Listed Invasive	California lists Common St. Johnswort as a noxious weed species.
Creeping Yellowcress	Rorippa sylvestris	Listed Invasive	California lists Creeping Yellowcress as a noxious weed species.
Crossflower	Chorispora tenella	Listed Invasive	California lists Crossflower as a noxious weed species.
Cultivated Knotweed	Polygonum polystachyum	Listed Invasive	California lists Cultivated Knotweed as a noxious weed species.
Curly Plumeless Thistle	Carduus crispus	Listed Invasive	California lists Curly Plumeless Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Dalmatian Toadflax	Linaria dalmatica	Listed Invasive	California lists Dalmatian Toadflax as a noxious weed species.
Denseflower Cordgrass	Spartina densiflora	Listed	California lists Denseflower Cordgrass as a noxious weed species.
Diffuse Knapweed	Centaurea diffusa	Listed Invasive	California lists Diffuse Knapweed as a noxious weed species.
Drummond's Beeblossom US native	Oenothera xerogaura	Listed	California lists Drummond's Beeblossom as a noxious weed species.
Dwarf Eelgrass	Nanozostera japonica	Listed	California lists Dwarf Eelgrass as a noxious weed species.
Dyer's Woad	Isatis tinctoria	Listed Invasive	California lists Dyer's Woad as a noxious weed species.
Eggleaf Spurge	Euphorbia oblongata	Listed	California lists Eggleaf Spurge as a noxious weed species.
Endive Daisy	Rhagadiolus stellatus	Listed	California lists Endive Daisy as a noxious weed species.
European Mistletoe	Viscum album	Listed	California lists European Mistletoe as a noxious weed species.
Field Bindweed	Convolvulus arvensis	Listed Invasive	California lists Field Bindweed as a noxious weed species.
Field Sowthistle	Sonchus arvensis	Listed Invasive	California lists Field Sowthistle as a noxious weed species.
Fireweed Groundsel	Senecio linearifolius	Listed Invasive	California lists Fireweed Groundsel as a noxious weed species.
Five-Stamen Tamarisk	Tamarix chinensis	Listed Invasive	California lists Five-Stamen Tamarisk as a noxious weed species.
Foxtail Restharrow	Ononis alopecuroides	Listed	California lists Foxtail Restharrow as a noxious weed species.
French Broom	Genista monspessulana	Listed Invasive	California lists French Broom as a noxious weed species.
French Tamarisk	Tamarix gallica	Listed Invasive	California lists French Tamarisk as a noxious weed species.
Geraldton Carnation Weed	Euphorbia terracina	Listed Invasive	California lists Geraldton Carnation Weed as a noxious weed species.
Giant Knotweed	Polygonum sachalinense	Listed Invasive	California lists Giant Knotweed as a noxious weed species.
Giant Reed	Arundo donax	Listed Invasive	California lists Giant Reed as a noxious weed species.
Giantchickweed	Myosoton aquaticum	Listed	California lists Giantchickweed as a noxious weed species.
Gooseberry Gourd	Cucumis myriocarpus	Listed Invasive	California lists Gooseberry Gourd as a noxious weed species.
Grassleaf Spurge	Euphorbia graminea	Listed Invasive	California lists Grassleaf Spurge as a noxious weed species.
Great Ragweed US native	Ambrosia trifida	Listed	California lists Great Ragweed as a noxious weed species.
Hairy Crabweed	Fatoua villosa	Listed Invasive	California lists Hairy Crabweed as a noxious weed species.
Hairy Whitetop	Cardaria pubescens	Listed	California lists Hairy Whitetop as a noxious weed species.
Hardheads	Acroptilon repens	Listed Invasive	California lists Hardheads as a noxious weed species.
Harmal Peganum	Peganum harmala	Listed Invasive	California lists Harmal Peganum as a noxious weed species.
Heartleaf Horsenettle	Solanum cardiophyllum	Listed	California lists Heartleaf Horsenettle as a noxious weed species.
Hemp Broomrape	Orobanche ramosa	Listed	California lists Hemp Broomrape as a noxious weed species.
Hoary Alyssum	Berteroa incana	Listed Invasive	California lists Hoary Alyssum as a noxious weed species.
Iberian Knapweed	Centaurea iberica	Listed	California lists Iberian Knapweed as a noxious weed species.
Indian Marshweed	Limnophila indica	Listed Invasive	California lists Indian Marshweed as a noxious weed species.
Indian Swampweed	Hygrophila polysperma	Listed Invasive	California lists Indian Swampweed as a noxious weed species.
Italian Plumeless Thistle	Carduus pycnocephalus	Listed Invasive	California lists Italian Plumeless Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Japanese Bristlegrass	Setaria faberi	Listed Invasive	California lists Japanese Bristlegrass as a noxious weed species.
Japanese Knotweed	Fallopia japonica (potentially invasive weed)	Listed Invasive	California lists Japanese Knotweed as a noxious weed species.
Japanese Thistle	Cirsium japonicum	Listed	California lists Japanese Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Jointed Goatgrass	Aegilops cylindrica	Listed Invasive	California lists Jointed Goatgrass as a noxious weed species.
Kikuyugrass	Pennisetum clandestinum	Listed Invasive	California lists Kikuyugrass as a noxious weed species.
Large-Flower Primrose-Willow	Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala	Listed	California lists Large-Flower Primrose-Willow as a noxious weed species.
Leafy Spurge	Euphorbia esula	Listed Invasive	California lists Leafy Spurge as a noxious weed species.
Lenspod Whitetop	Cardaria chalepensis	Listed	California lists Lenspod Whitetop as a noxious weed species.
Maltese Star-Thistle	Centaurea melitensis	Listed Invasive	California lists Maltese Star-Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Mat Sandbur US native	Cenchrus longispinus	Listed	California lists Mat Sandbur as a noxious weed species.
Mediterranean Onion	Allium paniculatum	Listed	California lists Mediterranean Onion as a noxious weed species.
Mediterranean Sage	Salvia aethiopis	Listed Invasive	California lists Mediterranean Sage as a noxious weed species.
Medusahead	Taeniatherum caput-medusae	Listed Invasive	California lists Medusahead as a noxious weed species.
Muster John Henry	Tagetes minuta	Listed Invasive	California lists Muster John Henry as a noxious weed species.
Nimblewill US native	Muhlenbergia schreberi	Listed	California lists Nimblewill as a noxious weed species.
Nodding Plumeless Thistle	Carduus nutans	Listed Invasive	California lists Nodding Plumeless Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Nutgrass	Cyperus rotundus	Listed Invasive	California lists Nutgrass as a noxious weed species.
Onionweed	Asphodelus fistulosus	Listed Invasive	California lists Onionweed as a noxious weed species.
Orangeberry Nightshade	Solanum lanceolatum	Listed	California lists Orangeberry Nightshade as a noxious weed species.
Ovate Goatgrass	Aegilops geniculata	Listed	California lists Ovate Goatgrass as a noxious weed species.
Oxford Ragwort	Senecio squalidus	Listed Invasive	California lists Oxford Ragwort as a noxious weed species.
Oxygen-Weed	Lagarosiphon major	Listed	California lists Oxygen-Weed as a noxious weed species.
Pale Biddy-Biddy	Acaena pallida	Listed	California lists Pale Biddy-Biddy as a noxious weed species.
Paradox Acacia	Acacia paradoxa	Listed Invasive	California lists Paradox Acacia as a noxious weed species.
Peruvian Primrose-Willow	Ludwigia peruviana	Listed Invasive	California lists Peruvian Primrose-Willow as a noxious weed species.
Plume Grass	Saccharum ravennae (Erianthus ravennae)	Listed	California lists Plume Grass as a noxious weed species.
Prickly Comfrey	Symphytum asperum	Listed Invasive	California lists Prickly Comfrey as a noxious weed species.
Prickly Russian Thistle	Salsola tragus	Listed Invasive	California lists Prickly Russian Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Professor-Weed	Galega officinalis	Listed Invasive	California lists Professor-Weed as a noxious weed species.
Puncturevine	Tribulus terrestris	Listed Invasive	California lists Puncturevine as a noxious weed species.
Purple African Nightshade	Solanum marginatum	Listed	California lists Purple African Nightshade as a noxious weed species.
Purple Loosestrife	Lythrum salicaria	Listed Invasive	California lists Purple Loosestrife as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Showy Milkweed, Desert Ceanothus, Desert Sweet
Purple Pampas Grass	Cortaderia jubata	Listed Invasive	California lists Purple Pampas Grass as a noxious weed species.
Quackgrass	Elymus repens	Listed Invasive	California lists Quackgrass as a noxious weed species.
Red Star-Thistle	Centaurea calcitrapa	Listed Invasive	California lists Red Star-Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Rush Skeletonweed	Chondrilla juncea	Listed Invasive	California lists Rush Skeletonweed as a noxious weed species.
Saltcedar	Tamarix ramosissima	Listed Invasive	California lists Saltcedar as a noxious weed species.
Saltlover	Halogeton glomeratus	Listed Invasive	California lists Saltlover as a noxious weed species.
Saltmeadow Cordgrass US native	Spartina patens	Listed	California lists Saltmeadow Cordgrass as a noxious weed species.
Santa Maria Feverfew	Parthenium hysterophorus	Listed Invasive	California lists Santa Maria Feverfew as a noxious weed species.
Scarlet Wisteria Tree	Sesbania punicea (Sesbania tripetii)	Listed Invasive	California lists Scarlet Wisteria Tree as a noxious weed species.
Scotch Broom	Cytisus scoparius	Listed Invasive	California lists Scotch Broom as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Desert Ceanothus, Desert Sweet, Blackbrush
Serrate Spurge	Euphorbia serrata	Listed	California lists Serrate Spurge as a noxious weed species.
Sessile Joyweed	Alternanthera sessilis	Listed Invasive	California lists Sessile Joyweed as a noxious weed species.
Shortbristled Needlegrass	Achnatherum brachychaetum	Listed	California lists Shortbristled Needlegrass as a noxious weed species.
Shrubby Russian Thistle	Salsola vermiculata	Listed	California lists Shrubby Russian Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Silverleaf Nightshade US native	Solanum elaeagnifolium	Listed	California lists Silverleaf Nightshade as a noxious weed species.
Slender False Brome	Brachypodium sylvaticum	Listed Invasive	California lists Slender False Brome as a noxious weed species.
Slender False Garlic	Nothoscordum gracile	Listed	California lists Slender False Garlic as a noxious weed species.
Slender Russian Thistle	Salsola collina	Listed	California lists Slender Russian Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Smallflower Tamarisk	Tamarix parviflora	Listed Invasive	California lists Smallflower Tamarisk as a noxious weed species.
Southern Sandbur US native	Cenchrus echinatus	Listed	California lists Southern Sandbur as a noxious weed species.
Spanish Broom	Spartium junceum	Listed Invasive	California lists Spanish Broom as a noxious weed species.
Spiny Plumeless Thistle	Carduus acanthoides	Listed Invasive	California lists Spiny Plumeless Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Spotted Knapweed	Centaurea stoebe	Listed Invasive	California lists Spotted Knapweed as a noxious weed species.
Squarrose Knapweed	Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa	Listed	California lists Squarrose Knapweed as a noxious weed species.
Star-Mustard	Coincya monensis	Listed	California lists Star-Mustard as a noxious weed species.
Starhair Groundcherry US native	Physalis viscosa	Listed	California lists Starhair Groundcherry as a noxious weed species.
Stinking Willie	Senecio jacobaea	Listed Invasive	California lists Stinking Willie as a noxious weed species.
Stinkwort	Dittrichia graveolens	Listed Invasive	California lists Stinkwort as a noxious weed species.
Sulphur Cinquefoil	Potentilla recta	Listed Invasive	California lists Sulphur Cinquefoil as a noxious weed species.
Sulphur Knapweed	Centaurea sulphurea	Listed	California lists Sulphur Knapweed as a noxious weed species.
Swamp Saltbush	Atriplex amnicola	Listed	California lists Swamp Saltbush as a noxious weed species.
Syrian Beancaper	Zygophyllum fabago	Listed Invasive	California lists Syrian Beancaper as a noxious weed species.
Tanglehead US native	Heteropogon contortus	Listed	California lists Tanglehead as a noxious weed species.
Texas Blueweed US native	Helianthus ciliaris	Listed	California lists Texas Blueweed as a noxious weed species.
Tree of Heaven	Ailanthus altissima	Listed Invasive	California lists Tree of Heaven as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Pinyon Pine, Single Leaf Pinyon Pine, Arizona Ash
Tree Spurge	Euphorbia dendroides	Listed	California lists Tree Spurge as a noxious weed species.
Virginia Buttonweed US native	Diodia virginiana	Listed	California lists Virginia Buttonweed as a noxious weed species.
Virginia Groundcherry US native	Physalis virginiana	Listed	California lists Virginia Groundcherry as a noxious weed species.
Wand Sage	Salvia virgata	Listed	California lists Wand Sage as a noxious weed species.
Watersprite US native	Ceratopteris thalictroides	Listed	California lists Watersprite as a noxious weed species.
Waterthyme	Hydrilla verticillata	Listed Invasive	California lists Waterthyme as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Star Sedge, Geyer's Sedge, Inland Sedge
Wavyleaf Beeblossom US native	Oenothera sinuosa	Listed	California lists Wavyleaf Beeblossom as a noxious weed species.
Wavyleaf Thistle US native	Cirsium undulatum	Listed	California lists Wavyleaf Thistle as a noxious weed species.
West Indian Spongeplant	Limnobium laevigatum	Listed	California lists West Indian Spongeplant as a noxious weed species.
Western Horsenettle US native	Solanum dimidiatum	Listed	California lists Western Horsenettle as a noxious weed species.
White Bladderflower	Araujia sericifera	Listed Invasive	California lists White Bladderflower as a noxious weed species.
Whitesnow US native	Drymaria cordata	Listed Invasive	California lists Whitesnow as a noxious weed species.
Whitestem Distaff Thistle	Carthamus leucocaulos	Listed	California lists Whitestem Distaff Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Wild Garlic	Allium vineale	Listed Invasive	California lists Wild Garlic as a noxious weed species.
Winged Plumeless Thistle	Carduus tenuiflorus	Listed	California lists Winged Plumeless Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Wingleaf Primrose-Willow US native	Ludwigia decurrens	Listed	California lists Wingleaf Primrose-Willow as a noxious weed species.
Woolly Distaff Thistle	Carthamus lanatus subsp. creticus	Listed	California lists Woolly Distaff Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Woolly Distaff Thistle	Carthamus lanatus	Listed Invasive	California lists Woolly Distaff Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Yellow Floatingheart	Nymphoides peltata	Listed Invasive	California lists Yellow Floatingheart as a noxious weed species.Plant instead: Yerba Mansa, Wavyleaf Indian Paintbrush, Harsh Indian Paintbrush
Yellow Nutsedge	Cyperus esculentus	Listed	California lists Yellow Nutsedge as a noxious weed species.
Yellow Star-Thistle	Centaurea solstitialis	Listed Invasive	California lists Yellow Star-Thistle as a noxious weed species.
Yellow Waterlily US native	Nymphaea mexicana	Listed	California lists Yellow Waterlily as a noxious weed species.
Yellowspine Thistle US native	Cirsium ochrocentrum	Listed	California lists Yellowspine Thistle as a noxious weed species.

What the tags mean

Prohibited Restricted Listed

A legal status. California names the plant in statute. Under a nursery rule that means it may not be sold, propagated, or moved; under an agricultural weed law it means landowners must control it. The cited rule says which, in California’s own words, in the last column.

Invasive

An ecological finding, and a different question from the law. GRIIS — the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species — lists the plant as invasive in the United States. Most invasive plants carry no state listing at all and are sold freely, so a plant without this tag is not thereby safe, and a plant without a legal chip is not thereby harmless.

Where this comes from

California listings: Cal. Code Regs. tit. 3, 4500. Read the rule.
Invasive status: GRIIS, the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species, via GBIF. A scientific register with no legal force; it is cited separately from the statute above because the two disagree far more often than they agree.
Status wording: Each determination is written as a sentence, with California’s own term for the plant reproduced verbatim inside it. The Prohibited / Restricted / Listed chips are Ezina’s normalisation across 42 states and are not the legal term.
Nativity: USDA PLANTS county distribution layer, surfaced through the county checker.

Regulated next door, but not in California

Plants that two or more states bordering California regulate, and California does not. A listing is a legal act rather than an ecological one, so a plant can be a documented problem here and still be sold here.

Scotch Cottonthistle Onopordum acanthium regulated in Arizona, Nevada, Oregon
Asian Mustard Brassica tournefortii regulated in Arizona, Nevada
Burningbush Bassia scoparia regulated in Arizona, Oregon
Butter and Eggs Linaria vulgaris regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Flowering Rush Butomus umbellatus regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum regulated in Arizona, Nevada
Gypsyflower Cynoglossum officinale regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense regulated in Arizona, Nevada
Kariba-Weed Salvinia molesta regulated in Arizona, Nevada
North Africa Grass Ventenata dubia regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Poison Hemlock Conium maculatum regulated in Nevada, Oregon
Squarrose Knapweed Centaurea virgata regulated in Nevada, Oregon

Questions

What plants are illegal to sell in California?

California's list is an agricultural noxious-weed law, which governs control and spread on farmland and rights of way rather than what a nursery may sell. 162 plants are named under Cal. Code Regs. tit. 3, 4500. A noxious-weed listing does not automatically ban nursery sale, so check the rule itself before assuming a plant cannot be bought or sold.

Is my plant invasive in California?

Search the table on this page, or enter the plant's name in Ezina's checker to get its California status alongside whether USDA records it as native to your specific county. Every answer links the record it came from.

Does a plant missing from this list mean it is safe to plant in California?

No. This page reproduces what California regulates, and a state list is a legal instrument rather than an ecological verdict. Plenty of plants spread aggressively without ever being listed, and states add species years after the problem is documented.

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